Rubber, an essential component of various products, is mainly extracted from the rubber tree, with an annual extraction volume of approximately 13 million tonnes. However, the extensive monoculture cultivation of rubber trees poses sustainability challenges. The search for alternative sources of natural rubber that are economically viable and environmentally/socially sustainable is imperative. Through the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying natural rubber biosynthesis, the application of knowledge-based breeding initiatives and the establishment of environmentally friendly extraction methods, the Russian dandelion has emerged as a promising alternative source of raw material. Initial commercialisation efforts have already brought dandelion rubber-based products to the market. The lecture provided a comprehensive overview of the journey from the discovery of the Russian dandelion to its industrial application.